Aims and Provisions of the 2004 Children’s Act

Points and Provisions of the 2004 Children’s Act The Children’s Act 2004 The Children’s Act acquainted in 2004 pointed with address worries about the insurance of youngsters. All things considered, to a critical degree it based on the arrangements of the 1989 Children’s Act. Most importantly, the primary inspiration for setting up another demonstration identifying with kids was a progression of high profiled bodies of evidence including maltreatment against little youngsters. Also, numerous individuals felt that the arrangements of the 1989 demonstration neglected to completely join the different various associations that are engaged with the security of children.[1] The motivation behind this paper is to look at the points and arrangements of the 2004 Children’s Act. Most importantly, we will see that the 2004 demonstration planned to achieve a progression of changes that would consider more noteworthy collaboration between different various offices and associations. This change has additionally occurred over the wide broad region of social arrangement in Britain. The name given to this procedure of more prominent participation is community oriented partnerships.[2] The thought behind this new activity is that in the event that varying gatherings associated with social assistance arrangement cooperate, at that point there will be more noteworthy opportunities for defending the security and interests of kids. In any case, before I really expound regarding this matter let us initially inspect the reasons and cases that realized the 2004 Children’s Act. At last, the point of the 2004 Children’s Act was to expand on the past enactment went in 1989 and further the opportunities for compelling kid insurance. Be that as it may, another further inspiring variable was the homicide of Victoria Climbie in 2000. Nine-year-old Victoria was manhandled and killed by her gatekeepers in her London home. General society and media clamor following the case was tremendous. Besides, it was generally felt that the case included featured major issues inside the youngsters assurance administration. Most importantly, it was felt that various offices had neglected to act as one in the months and years preceding Victoria’s murder. In that capacity, a progression of new thoughts and approaches were received towards the security of children.[3] This new wish to give better and progressively successful insurance can be found as two moves. Initially, the foundation of the Every Child Matters program and also the death of the 2004 Children’s Act. Each Child Matters was propelled in 2003 and intended to guarantee that all kids paying little heed to the budgetary or social foundation would have the option to accomplish their maximum capacity in life.[4] Furthermore, Every Child Matters was set up trying to take into consideration more noteworthy collaboration between fluctuating offices and associations engaged with kids. The setting up of Every Child Matters was an introduction planned for laying the reason for the Children’s Act of 2004. The Children Act itself meant to set up a legitimate structure, which would give better assurance to youngsters and more noteworthy degrees of productivity in the associations accused of kid security. Nearby specialists were to get more help and exhortation on the best way to do better assistance for kids. There were additionally changes to the law with respect cultivate homes, mindful and keeping an eye on, and selection administrations. Be that as it may, albeit every one of these issues are significant arrangements inside the demonstration, a definitive reason for existing was to make far more noteworthy degrees of participation and multi organization activity corresponding to the insurance of children.[5] Most importantly, the Victoria Climbie case had featured the degree to which there was little participation between various organizations as far as kid insurance. Moreover, it was presently understood that there were an extensive number of associations and organizations that could assume a job in youngster insurance. Normally, nearby power youngster assurance administrations were viewed as the most significant office. In any case, it was unmistakably fundamental that youngster insurance administrations expected to work in close coordinated effort with different organizations. In this way, offices, for example, the police, school specialists, social administrations, specialists and noble cause associations now all work together so as to give better security to powerless youngsters. Since every organization has a one of a kind task to carry out according to kids it is trusted that such collective associations will deliver better administrations for children.[6] For instance, if a socia l laborer feels that a specific youngster is in conceivable peril, they can call upon the aptitude and assessment of an assortment of different experts, for example, the child’s teacher or specialist. Hence, with everybody cooperating for same reason potential issues can be featured and managed in a substantially more powerful way. Presently in spite of the fact that the 2004 demonstration and Every Children Matters has achieved huge changes to the manner by which youngster security administrations work, there have regardless been not kidding issues. For instance, it is once in a while hard to unite various offices in blend when they have beforehand not worked in collaboration.[7] Also, various organizations may have totally different methods of understanding a specific circumstance, for example, that of a social laborer contrasted with a cop. Recently such issues have been featured as another lamentable and appalling case. The instance of infant P appears over all the degree to which coordinated effort between multi office associations can separate with horrendous outcomes. Specialists, police and social administrations neglected to cooperate viably enough to secure child P and in this way the case shows the potential issues that could proceed later on. Taking everything into account, the primary purposes for the 2004 Children’s Act have been talked about. Most importantly, obviously both the demonstration and the Every Child Matters activity came about as a result of apparent failings inside the kid insurance administration as featured on account of Victoria Climbie. Most importantly, government has endeavored to institute a framework whereby offices associated with youngsters work in cooperation to accomplish better degrees of security. Notwithstanding, albeit such moves are certain the instance of child P features the degree to which there are as yet significant issues. At last, it will set aside an impressive effort for such moves to work viably. Cree, Viviane and Myers, Steve. Social Work: having any kind of effect, Bristol: Policy, 2008. Sheldon, Brian and Macdonald, Geraldine. A Textbook of Social Work, London: Routledge, 2008. UK Government, Every Child Matters: Change for Children, â€Å"Children’s Act 2004: direction on the obligation to cooperate† http://www.everychildmatters.gov.uk/procedure/direction/, date got to, 01/01/2009. UK Government, Every Child Matters: Change for Children, â€Å"Aims and Outcomes†, http://www.everychildmatters.gov.uk/points/, date got to, 01/01/2009. 1 References [1] Brian Sheldon, and Geraldine Macdonald. A Textbook of Social Work, London: Routledge, 2008, p. 96. [2] Ibid. p.25. [3] Vivienne Cree, and Steve Myers. Social Work: having any kind of effect, Bristol: Policy, 2008, p. 103. [4] UK Government, Every Child Matters: Change for Children, â€Å"Aims and Outcomes†, http://www.everychildmatters.gov.uk/points/, date got to, 01/01/2009. [5] UK Government, Every Child Matters: Change for Children, â€Å"Children’s Act 2004: direction on the obligation to cooperate† [6] Cree and Myers, Social Work, 2008, p.113. [7] Ibid, p.116.

New Student Photo Series 2011 Post #5 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

New Student Photo Series 2011 â€" Post #5 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Photos from incoming students continue to roll in.   Enjoy. Name: Nameera Nuzhat Admission in: MPA Pictures taken in: Bangladesh The Bengali New Year known as “Pohela Boishakh” is celebrated very big in Bangladesh by people of all religions and caste in union. As opposed to the western New Year where celebrations begin at midnight, the Bengali ritual is to rejoice at the break of dawn with traditional dance, music and food. This is at six thirty in the morning when performers and audience gathered for some entertainment, “Pohela Boishakh” style. Little ones are super excited and dressed up in Sarees to perform in shows celebrating the arrival of spring. “Bashonti” (yellow and Orange) is the color of “Boshonto” (spring) and everyone around the country dress in yellow attire on the first day of the month of “Falgun” to welcome spring and youth. Weavers of Roopganj (literally means the village of beauty), beside the Shitalakkhya river are the only people apt at making this special kind of fabric called Dhakai Jamdani. A saree (six metres of fabric) of such intricacy takes about 3 months to make and draws about   US $ 350 at a fine store/ boutique. Sadly the poor weavers have to be satisfied with $ 80 at most for a piece that is sold for so much higher. Name:   Tanita María Preston Bertie. Program:   MPA My hand Taken by my other hand in Lahore, Pakistan, on December 27th. As women inside the house got prepared to attend the wedding main purpose of the trip   the streets were adorned with marching women remembering Benazir Bhutto.   This picture always makes me remember too. Sunrise in the Atlantic ocean on a regatta to San Blas, Panama. I have no words I just like this picture. Nature framing nature, I took this one scuba diving in the Cayman Islands by the waylove Scuba Diving!

What Makes Stalkers Kill

Not all stalkers are killers, but most killers are stalkers. Determining the factors that differentiate the violent stalker from the nonviolent stalker is complex. Statistical data is skewed because many cases that begin as stalking escalate to more serious crimes and are then classified as such. For example, a criminal who stalked his victim for two years and then murdered them is often statistically classified as only a murderer. While state reporting is improving in this area, it is a flaw in a lot of the statistical data that is currently available. It is thus difficult to obtain hard data as to how many murders were the end result of stalking behavior. Another issue with the current data is that about 50 percent of stalking crimes go unreported by the victims. This is particularly true in the cases of stalking between intimate partners or when a stalker who is known to the victim. Victims who do not report being stalked often cite their reasons as fearing reprisal from the stalker or their belief that the police cannot help. Lastly, stalkers being under-identified by the criminal justice system has added to the inaccuracies in the data. An Office of Justice Programs survey of criminal justice practitioners found that stalkers continue to be charged and sentenced under harassment, intimidation, or other related laws instead of under a states anti-stalking statute. Stalking Defined Prior to 1990, there were no anti-stalking laws in the United States. California was the first state to criminalize stalking after several high-profile stalking cases including the attempted murder of actress Theresa Saldana, the 1988 mass murder at ESL Incorporated by a former employee and stalker Richard Farley, and the 1989 murder of actress Rebecca Schaeffer by stalker Robert John Bardo. Other states were quick to follow suit and, by the end of 1993, all states had anti-stalking laws. Stalking is largely defined by the National Institute of Justice as a course of conduct directed at a specific person that involves repeated (two or more occasions) visual or physical proximity, nonconsensual communication, or verbal, written, or implied threats, or a combination thereof, that would cause a reasonable person fear. Though recognized as a crime throughout the United States, stalking varies widely in statute definition, scope, crime classification, and penalty. Stalker and Victim Relationship While the criminalization of stalking is relatively new, stalking is not a new human behavior. While there are many studies performed in reference to the victims of stalkers, the research on stalkers is more limited. Why people become stalkers is complicated and multifaceted. However, recent forensic research has helped to understand different patterns of stalking behavior. This research has aided in identifying those stalkers who are likely to be the most dangerous and high risk for injuring or murdering their victims. The relationship between the stalker and the victim has proven a key factor in understanding the level of risks to the victims. Forensic research has broken down the relationships into three groups. Former intimate partners. This includes current and former husbands, cohabitants, and boyfriends and girlfriends.Friends, family members, and acquaintances,A private stranger which includes public figures. The former intimate partner group is the largest category of stalking cases. It is also the group where the highest risks exist for the stalkers to become violent. Several studies have identified a significant association between intimate partner stalking and sexual assault. Classifying Stalker Behavior In 1993, stalker expert Paul Mullen, who was the director and chief psychiatrist at Forensicare in Victoria, Australia, performed extensive studies on the behavior of stalkers. The research was designed to help diagnose and categorize stalkers, and it included the typical triggers that cause their behavior to become more volatile. Furthermore, these studies included recommended treatment plans. Mullen and his research team came up with five categories of stalkers: Rejected Stalker Rejected stalking is seen in cases where there is an unwanted breakdown of a close relationship, most often with a romantic partner, but it can include family members, friends, and work associates. The desire to seek revenge becomes an alternative when the stalker’s hope for reconciliation with his victim is diminished. The stalker will characteristically use stalking as a substitute for the lost relationship. Stalking provides the opportunity for continued contact with the victim. It also allows the stalker to feel more control over the victim and provides a way to nurse the stalker’s damaged self-esteem. Intimacy Seeker Stalkers classified as intimacy seekers are driven by loneliness and mental illness. They are delusional and often believe that they are in love with a complete stranger and that the feeling is reciprocated (erotomanic delusions). Intimacy seekers are generally socially awkward and intellectually weak. They will emulate what they believe is normal behavior for a couple in love. They will buy their true love flowers, send them intimate gifts and write them an excessive amount of love letters. Intimacy seekers are often unable to recognize that their attention is unwanted because of their belief that they share a special bond with their victim. Incompetent Stalker The incompetent stalkers and intimacy seekers share some of the same characteristics in that they both tend to be socially awkward and intellectually challenged and their targets are strangers.  Unlike intimacy stalkers, incompetent stalkers are not looking for a long lasting relationship, but rather for something short term like a date or a brief sexual encounter. They recognize when their victims are rejecting them, but this only fuels their efforts to win them over. At this stage, their methods become increasingly negative and fearful to the victim. For example, a love note at this stage may say Im watching you rather than I love you. Resentful Stalker Resentful stalkers want revenge, not a relationship, with their victims. They often feel that they have been belittled, humiliated, or mistreated. They consider themselves the victim rather than the person they are stalking. According to Mullen, resentful stalkers suffer from paranoia and they often had fathers who were intensely controlling. They will compulsively dwell on the times in their lives when they experienced extreme distress. They act out in the present day the negative emotions that their past experiences have caused. They attach responsibility for the painful experiences they suffered in the past the victims they are targeting in the present. Predator Stalker Like the resentful stalker, the predator stalker does not seek a relationship with his victim, but instead finds satisfaction in feeling power and control over their victims. Research proves that the predator stalker is the most violent type of stalker in that they often fantasize about physically harming their victims, often in a sexual way. They find immense pleasure in letting their victims know that they can harm them at any time. They often collect personal information about their victims and will involve the victims family members or professional contacts in their stalking behavior, usually in some derogatory way. Stalking and Mental Illness Not all stalkers have a mental disorder, but it is not uncommon. At least 50 percent of stalkers that suffer from mental disorders have often had some involvement with the criminal justice or mental health services. They suffer from disorders such as personality disorders, schizophrenia, depression, with substance abuse being the most common disorder. Mullens research suggests that most stalkers should not be treated as criminals but rather people who are suffering from mental disorders and who are in need of professional help. Resources and Further Reading Mohandie, Meloy, Green-McGowan, Williams (2006). Journal of Forensic Sciences 51, 147-155)

The Taklamakan Desert in China

In the Uigur language, Taklamakan may mean you can get into it but can never get out, according to Travel Guide China. We cant verify whether or not the translation is accurate, but the label fits such a large, dry, dangerous place for humans and most animals. Large lakes, including Lop Nor and Kara Koschun, have dried up, so over the millennia, the area of the desert has increased. The Taklamakan Desert is an inhospitable approximately 1000x500 km (193,051 sq. mi.) oval. It is far from any ocean, and so hot, dry, and cold, by turns, with shifting sand dunes covering 85% of the surface, propelled by northerly winds, and sandstorms. Alternate Spellings:  Taklimakan and Teklimakan Lack of Rainfall Wang Yue and Dong Guangrun of the Desert Research Institute in Lanzhou, China, say that in the Taklamakan Desert the average annual rainfall is less than 40 mm (1.57 inches). It is about 10 mm—thats just over a third of an inch—in the center and 100 mm at the bases of the mountains, according to Terrestrial Ecoregions—Taklimakan desert. Bordering Countries While it is in China, and bordered by various mountain ranges (Kunlun, Pamir, and Tian Shan), there are other countries around it: Tibet, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Pakistan, and India. Ancient Inhabitants People would have lived there comfortably 4000 years ago. Mummies were found in the region, perfectly preserved by the arid conditions, are presumed to be Indo-European-speaking Caucasians. Science, in a 2009 article, reports: In the northeastern edge of the desert, archaeologists from 2002 until 2005 excavated an extraordinary cemetery called Xiaohe, which has been radiocarbon-dated to as early as 2000 B.C.E.... A vast oval sand hill covering 25 hectares, the site is a forest of 140 standing poles marking the graves of long-lost society and environment. The poles, wood coffins, and carved wooden statues with pronounced noses come from the poplar forests of a far cooler and wetter climate. Silk Road Trade Routes One of the worlds largest deserts, the Taklamakan, is located in the northwest region of modern China, in Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region. There are oases located on two routes around the desert that served as important trading spots on the Silk Road. Along the north, the route went by the Tien Shan Mountains and along the south, the Kunlun Mountains of the Tibetan Plateau. Economist Andrà © Gunder Frank, who traveled along the northern route with UNESCO, says the southern route was most used in ancient times. It joined up with the northern route at Kashgar to head into India/Pakistan, Samarkand, and Bactria. Sources Archaeology in China: Bridging East and West, by Andrew Lawler; Science 21 August 2009: Vol. 325 no. 5943 pp. 940-943.News and Short Contributions, by Derrold W. Holcomb; Journal of Field Archaeology.On the Silk Road: An Academic Travelogue Andre Gunder Frank Economic and Political Weekly Vol. 25, No. 46 (Nov. 17, 1990), pp. 2536-2539.Sand Sea History of the Taklimakan for the Past 30,000 Years. by Wang Yue and Dong Guangrun Geografiska Annaler. Series A, Physical Geography Vol. 76, No. 3 (1994), pp. 131-141.Ancient Inner Asian Nomads: Their Economic Basis and Its Significance in Chinese History, by Nicola Di Cosmo; The Journal of Asian Studies Vol. 53, No. 4 (Nov. 1994), pp. 1092-1126.

The Dietary Patterns Of Americans Essay - 1291 Words

â€Å"Dietary patterns of Americans differ widely, but most Americans eat a diet that could best be described as in need of improvement†. Compared to other countries, the American diet is very different. I have first hand experienced how much different Americans eat from other countries. For a brief, but very beneficial and productive time, I lived in Barcelona, Spain with my host family. Over in Spain, they eat much more fresh, organic food. There was a lot more seafood in the average diet. The meal configuration over there is also different than ours. Lunch is the largest meal eaten every day; different than America, where dinner is the largest. On average, Americans eat 2,000 pounds of food every year, each. The question posed by the scientists of the study I read about was: â€Å"Why Americans Eat What They Do: Taste, Nutrition, Cost, Convenience, and Weight Control Concerns as Influences on Food Consumption?† I chose this study because I was/am interested in why A mericans eat what they do. Unfortunately, I could not find a popular account linked to this scientific study, so this is purely based off of the study. There were three hypotheses of the experiment. The first was, â€Å"we expect that demographic factors will predict the importance of taste, nutrition, cost, convenience, and weight control to individual persons†. This means that they (the scientist involved) believed that the personal characteristics (age, gender, income, and race) will affect the flavor of food, benefitsShow MoreRelatedHealthy Behavior Is Associated With Healthy Eating996 Words   |  4 Pagesis associated with healthy eating. 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There are many different variations commonly based on a particular individual’s country of origin such as Arab Americans. Other variations are based on their social class, the level of their education, if they live urbanely or rurally, or the time they have spent in the United States (Lipson Dubble, 2007). Most Arabs also practice Islamic religion and are Muslim. When

Evelyn Lau Essay Example For Students

Evelyn Lau Essay Evelyn Lau is an author with which I can identify with. Her lack of humilitygives rise to self-awareness. She does not hide under a mask of sorrow, shesimply puts into words how she reacts and feels towards her lifes struggles. She does not convey a deep sense of hostility or arrogance, but merely addressesthe conflicts through out her life with a graceful, honest manner. One can seehow Evelyn allows herself to let go of all inhibitions and secrets througheach of her works. She can face her past, and acknowledge her pain, unlike mostpeople. Her ability to do this is what gives every person an identity they canrelate with; whether it be living on the streets, coping with a drug addiction,or dealing with a dysfunctional family. Evelyn, unlike most people, canpin point her torment. Her father was the center of her universe (Details 3),always loving, compassionate and with someone she could share her childhooddreams. However, their relationship ended abruptly while she was only ten yearsold. This severed bond caused her much grief. She longed for love and affection,which her mother could not provide. Evelyns self loathing began while she wasa per-adolescent ( Details 2). Her fathers emotional passivity caused E velyn todestroy herself physically. She chose her body as her tool of destruction, forshe felt, no one could control her body, not even her neurotic mother (Details2). I do not think that Evelyn blames her fathers lack of love, on the fact thathe lost his job(2). It seems to me that he lost himself, for he saw his daughteras a young woman; not as a child. This realization may have been the reason hefaded from her life. He lost touch with Evelyns child hood, and couldnt copewith the idea that his little girl was now a blossoming young lady. Hisselfishness caused her so much angst. She began to believe that her father andmother both disliked her presence, as a part of their family. (Details 3). Atthe age of nine Evelyn began reading Harlequin Romance novels(Details 4) as away to vicariously feel love. This love enabled her to escape the harshreality that was her life. However ,it ruined my idea of male femalerelationships (Details 2) Evelyn began to believe that women were supposed to be weak, dependent creatures. And men were supposed to be older, handsome,stronger, ideal mates for the weak woman. Her notions of this streered hertowards bulimia. Her bulimia took over her life. It was the one thing shethought she could control, and the one thing she thought she could hide. But herperfect vision was one where she could continue her weak womanly characteristics(bulimia) and have a father figure mend her emotional scars. Her longingfor love is what drew her to self-mutilation. In a sick sense I can see why shemight have done this. She longed for the father she had as a young girl, toswoop her into his arms and caress her nightmares into oblivion. As a result oflittle fatherly love, Evelyn began her search for lovers which she classified asthe father figure, like those in the romance novels, I always had thisthing for older menI look for father figures all the time (Details 2). She openly admits that her search for men which can love her like a daughter isa perverse one, and one which causes many problems in the relationship (2). However, she continues this fantasy, and divulges her true feelings aboutchildren I hate childrenI cant imagine getting pregnant and having achild. I think that would be horrible.. (1). This quote reveals to me that asa person Evelyn is selfish. She does not wish to share her fatherly loverwith that of a child, for then both the child and the mother would be graspingfor the fathers attention. As I read through Evelyns works, I have come tothe conclusion that although she is able to pronounce her hatred she still hasmany skeletons in the closet. She will not face her father to this day, allowingregret, guilt, and anger to build inside of her (2). Evelyn had reason to feelsuppressed by her parents, but as a rising star one mustnt succumb to theidea that ones past is fiction in ones novel. And she has yet to reachthat pinnacle of understanding.

Home Products stock and bond valuatio free essay sample

In all textbooks, the valuation of stocks and bonds is simply stated as the present value of all the future cash flows expected from the security. The concept is logical, straightforward, and deceptively simple. The valuation of bonds is usually presented first, since the relatively certain cash flows are broken into an annuity and a payment of the par value at some specific date in the future. Preferred stock valuation follows bond valuation and the value of preferred stock is shown to be the present value of perpetual annuity. The cash flows from the constant-size dividend is fairly certain, and most preferred stock does not have a maturity date. Finally, common stock is presented but neither the future cash flows (from dividends) nor the final value is known with any degree of certainty, Generally students seem to understand the bond and preferred stock valuation techniques, but they tend to be very skeptical of the common stock valuation model. We will write a custom essay sample on Home Products stock and bond valuatio or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Using the discounted cash flow models on an actual company can help dispel some of the doubts, but more importantly it can indicate how the models explain price behavior. HOME PRODUCTS, INC. Home Products, Inc, (HPI) is a leading manufacturer of prescription and ethical drugs; specialty foods and candies; and proprietary drugs. Important product names include Advil, Anacin, Dimetapp, Norplant, and Robitussin. Total revenues in the last fiscal year were in excess of $9 billion. Long-Term Debt The company has a capital structure that is made up of 34 percent long-term debt, 3 percent preferred stock, and 63 percent common stock. One of the two largest domestic long-term debt issues is an 8.5 percent coupon bond (semi-annual) that is due in 15 years. This debenture is currently selling for $1020. The bond is callable in seven years and if called will be redeemed at a price of 1040. The other large publicly held bond is a 8. 0 percent coupon bond that is due in nine years. This debenture is selling for $990. Both of these bonds are rated A by Moodys. Preferred Stock The preferred stock has a $2. 40 annual dividend with a stated value of $30. 00, but it is currently selling for $31 per share. More than 5.5 million shares were issued in February 2003 in connection with the merger of FDS Holding Company into a subsidiary of HPI. The preferred stock has no voting rights unless the company is in arrears on six or more quarterly dividends, and then each shareholder is entitled to one-quarter vote per share. Common Stock Returns from common stock come from the cash dividend payment and/or changes in the price of the stock. Investors receiving dividends can expect them to grow over time, but some stocks do not pay dividends, especially during their early growth years. As firms mature, they typically start paying dividends and then management is very reluctant to reduce the dividend. For the firms that do not pay dividends, the normal assumption is that the earnings are being retained by the firm to promote growth; thus, the stock price should grow at a higher rate than firms that have high payout ratios. Two major factors that affect the price of stock are changes in the required rate of return, caused primarily by changes in the risk, and change in the growth rate of earnings, which in turn create changes in the growth rate of dividends. The common stock of Home Products currently has over 95 million shares of $3. 125 par value stock outstanding. A share of common stock presently sells for $43. 00 and pays a quarterly dividend of $0. 30 ($1. 20 per year). A consensus estimate (Zacks and IBES) indicates that earnings and dividends are expected to grow at an annual rate of 6 percent for the next five years. The common shares have no preemptive rights. Stockholders of HPI have the opportunity to buy additional shares of common stock through a plan of automatic dividend reinvestment and optional cash purchase. This plan allows stockholders to have their dividends reinvested in shares of common stock, and they can purchase additional shares at the market price (with no commission) each month. Shareholders who participate in this plan are limited to a total of $1,000 per month that they can use to purchase additional shares. QUESTIONS 1. Look at the 8. 5 percent coupon bond. What is its current yield, its yield-to-first call, and its yield-to-maturity? 2. Do you think this bond will be called? Why or why not? 3. What would be the value of the 8.5 percent coupon bond if the time to maturity was 10 years rather than 15 years? (use your yield to maturity answer in #1) 4. What is the required rate of return for the preferred stock? How does this rate compare to the YTM for the HPI 8. 5 percent bond? Is this difference what you would have expected from a risk/return standpoint? Why or why not? 5. What is the expected dividend yield and the expected capital gains yield for HPI common stock? 6. Giv en that HPI is selling for $43, what is its required rate of return? (Use the constant growth valuation model. ) 7. Assume that the risk-free rate is 5. 0 percent and that the expected return of the market is 10 percent. According to the security market line valuation model, what is the required rate of return for HPI common stock if its beta is 1. 3? 8. Using the constant growth valuation model, find the present value of HPI common stock. Would you buy or sell? Problema 1 Problema 2 Problema 3 Problema 4 Problema 5 Problema 6 Problema 7 Problema 8